CHARACTERIZATION OF AIDS IN BRAZIL
Health and Diversity Journal
CHARACTERIZATION OF AIDS IN BRAZIL
Autor Correspondente: Joana de Sousa Resende | [email protected]
Palavras-chave: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Brazil, Epidemiology, Public Health, Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Resumos Cadastrados
Resumo Inglês:
Introduction:The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that infects CD4+ T lymphocytes through its interaction with glycoproteins in the cell membrane. This microorganism pertains the Lentiviridae genus and was originated in Sub-Saharan Africa. The virus predominant transmission model is through sexual intercourse (which is responsible for 75% of infections), and, to a lesser degree, through vertical and parenteral transference¹. When this retrovirus penetrates the human organism, it triggers a dysfunction in the imune system, causing a decrease in lymphocytes, raising the host’s susceptibility to infectious diseases and generating the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).Objective:To analyze the epidemiology of AIDS cases in Brazil over the period of January 2012 to June 2017.
Methods: This is an exploratory and descriptive study with quantitative research method. The data collection was performed through the Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) and the Hospital Information System of the National Unified Health System (SIH-SUS). The results were arranged using Microsoft Excel spreadsheets and exposed in charts and tables.
Results And Discussion:Between January 2012 and June 2017, 218.869 AIDS cases were identified in Brazil. The highest rate of reported cases was found in 2012, with 41.530 (18,97%) occurrences. The Southeast region had the major incidence of HIV, with 87.458 (39,96%) instances, followed by Northeast region, with 47.623 (20,78%) cases. Midwest region had the smallest number of diagnosed cases, with 15.427 (7,05%) incidents. During the study period, the cases notified were mainly found among males, being the most vulnerable group, with 145.236 (66,36%) episodes. Regarding the age group, higher prevalence was found between 30 and 39 years, with 68.717 (31,4%) cases, followed by those aged 20 to 29 years, with 52.694 (24,08%) instances. The highest number of AIDS cases was among those who had completed high school, totalizing 25.897 (23,67%) of the 109.423 notified cases. Hospital admissions over the study period indicated that 190.311 internations were notified, with mortality rate at 12,22 %, representing 23.258 deaths.
Conclusion: It was observed that, among the patients with HIV, there was a predominance in males. The Southeast region stood out in number of affected cases and, compared to other age groups, adults aged between 30 and 39 years have the highest prevalence of HIV infection. From this perspective, it is perceived that HIV contagion constitutes a serious public health problem at nationwide level and that the early infection is becoming increasingly common, pointing the necessity of preventive campaigns that are more focused and consistent with national reality.
