The present study describes the plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis in suspension culture derived from
the leaf and stem explants of Phyla nodiflora. The medium type, plant growth regulators, complex extract (coconut
milk and malt extract) and anti-oxidant (activated charcoal, ascorbic acid, Polyvinylpyrrolidone and citric acid)
markedly influenced the embryo regeneration of P. nodiflora. MS with 2,4-D and activated charcoal (10 mg/L) gave
the highest stimulation of embryogenic callus growth. Optimized callus was transfered into suspension culture,
which showed the globular, heart shaped embryos in MS with 2,4-D + BA + picloram (0.1 mg/L), coconut milk (10
ml/L), citric acid (100 mg/L) on 6th subcultures. Further development stages such as torpedo and cotyledonary
stage embryos and fostered maturation of embryos were observed at 8th and 10th subculture. However, the high
frequency embryo germination and plantlet (45 plants/20 mg cotyledonary stages embryos) formation was obtained
in half-strength MS medium without growth regulators from cotyledonary embryos. All the plantlets established in
the field exhibited morphological characters similar to those of the mother plant.
