Composição do leite e diagnóstico de mastite em caprinos
Acta Scientiae Veterinariae
Composição do leite e diagnóstico de mastite em caprinos
Autor Correspondente: VERÔNICA SCHMIDT | [email protected]
Palavras-chave: caprinos leiteiros, mastite, composição do leite, produção leiteira
Resumos Cadastrados
Resumo Inglês:
Background: Milk is one of the most used foodstuffs by humans in their diet. The quality of goat milk is already regulated by
Law, which takes into consideration its physical-chemical and microbiological composition parameters. Several factors
contribute for the alteration of the physical-chemical and microbiological parameters of caprine milk. These include breed,
age, lactation phase and diet, among others. The health status of animals may interfere in the quality of the milk produced, both
regarding food safety and milk processing and, for that reason, the identification of mastitis-causing agents is important, so
that prevention and control measures can be implemented. The present study aimed at analyzing the occurrence of mastitis and
the milk composition of dairy goats in a semi-intensive production system.
Materials, Methods & Results: In a private goat farm with a flock composed of 32 female animals of breeds such as Saanen and
Anglo-Nubian, raised on a semi-confined system, the diagnosis of mastitis was made through methods such as California Mastitis
Test (CMT), Somatic Cells Count (SCC) and bacterial isolation. A total of 136 milk samples were analyzed, which were individualized
per teat. Additionally, the study determined the volume of milk produced individually and the chemical composition of milk
samples (fat, raw protein, lactose and total solids). In 37 (27.2%) samples, subclinical mastitis caused by CNS was identified. A
negative response to CMT was observed in 125 (91.92%) samples. Only four samples presented a coincidence (OR =1.239)
between CMT and bacterial isolation (P =0.7470). It was observed that the daily milk production ranged between 207.90 mL and
2.68 L. Moreover, it became clear that the milk production in half of the teats with subclinical mastitis was smaller (P =0.0026).
A tendency to a significant reduction (P <0.001) in the percentage of fat and total solids was verified. The lactose percentage
remained stable during the four months, and that of protein showed a tendency to reduction (P <0.001). A great variability in SCC
was observed (23,000 to 9,999,000 cel.mL-1) during the sampling months. A significant concordance (P <0.001) was determined
between a low SCC and the non-bacterial isolation in 65 samples (OR =11.556).
Discussion: Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland and, in the majority of cases, it is manifested in its subclinical
form, having CNS as its main agent, both in Brazil and in other countries. Methods such as bacterial isolation, SCC and CMT
are used for the diagnosis of mastitis. In the present study, no relation among these diagnostic methods has been found. This
fact had already been reported in Brazilian literature. The herd configuration may have contributed for the occurrence of
mastitis, since this disease is influenced by genetic factors and age. Moreover, its occurrence was higher in Anglo-Nubian
females which, in addition to being older and consequently having undergone a higher number of lactations, presented an
udder conformation with fragile ligaments and pending teats. Such conformation of the mammary glands may collaborate to
the occurrence of infection. Mastitis is responsible for damages in the dairy production system, due to economical losses and
reduction in the quality and volume of milk. However, the present study did not observe a variation in milk production due to
bacterial contamination or an increase of SCC. A reduction in solid and fat contents did coincide with the beginning of the
lactation period in Saanen goats; animals belonging to this breed tend to produce a higher volume of milk and, consequently,
a smaller proportion of its components is observed. Based on the results obtained, the study concluded that the herd composition
with regard to breed and lactation phase has an influence in the occurrence of subclinical mastitis, as well as in milk composition.
Methods such as the CMT and SCC should be used carefully in the diagnosis of mastitis in goats.
